Notes and link to the YouTube video on Lumped-element circuit analysis of Transmission Lines
Notes of the Video you tube video on lumped-element equivalent of transmission line
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Spotters in "Family Planning: Barrier Contraceptive Methods" for CFM & MPH students
Physical methods: 1. Male Condom: Important points: It is a thin sheath made up of latex or other material Most widely known & used barrier method by males An effective, simple spacing method without side effects Mechanism of action: Acts as a physical barrier & prevents the semen from being deposited in female genital tract Pearl index/ Failure rate: 2-3 to 14 per 100 women years Advantages: Easily available, safe & inexpensive, easy to use & do not require medical supervision, no side effects, light compact and disposable, provides protection not only against pregnancy but also against STDs Disadvantages: It may tear or slip off during coitus due to incorrect use, interferes with sex sensation locally, Manufactured in India by Hindustan Latex in Trivandrum, London Rubber industries Chennai 2. Female Condom: Important points: It is a pouch made of thin plastic, polyurethane, which lines the vagina Has two rings,a thick inner ring with closed end, which is plac
Design equations of Rectangular Microstrip Patch Antenna
Following design equation can be used to calculate the width and length of rectangular microstrip patch antenna and simulation of 2.4 GHz inset-feed rectangular patch antenna can be found in follwing video. Microstrip antenna with inset-feed line Part-1 Design step for the calculation of W and L Step-1 : To calcualte width 'W' use follwing formula Step-2: Calculate the effective dielectric constant using formula below. Here ' ε r ' is relative dielectric constant of the material. 'h' is height of the substrate and W is the width of patch calculated in first step. Step-3: Calculate ΔL using formula below. Step-4: Calculate length of the patch using formula below. v 0 is speed of light in free space. Part-2 Feedline calculation Step-1: Calculate the input impdedance of the patch using follwing formula. (Typically between 200 Ω to 250 Ω. You can assume 225 Ω for simplic
Spotters in "Hospital Waste Management" for CFM & MPH students
As per “Bio-medical Waste Management Rules, 2016” 1. Yellow Bin/ Bag: Type of Bag/ Container used: Non-chlorinated plastic bags Type of Waste: 1. Human Anatomical Waste A. Tissues, organs, body parts B. Foetus, Umbilical stump, placenta 2. Animal Anatomical Waste: Tissues, Organs, body parts 3. Soiled Waste: items contaminated with blood and body fluids A. Dressings, sponges, gauze B. Plaster casts C. Cotton swabs D. Blood bags E. Infected gowns, mask, shoe covers, cap 4. Expired or Discarded Medicines: including antibiotics (except cytotoxic) 5. Chemical Waste: A. Discarded disinfectants, Cleaning agents B. X-ray film developing liquid, Infected secretions C. Aspirated body fluids, Liquid from laboratories 6. Microbiology, Biotechnology, and other clinical lab waste 7. Chemical Liquid Waste Yellow bin/ bag with the cytotoxic label: 1. Used, discarded, and expired cytotoxic drugs whether in plastic vaccutainers, syringes, glass vials, ampoules, glass bottles. The containe
Boundary condition for conductor-free space boundary in terms of Tangential and Normal components
In this video, Boundary condition are derived for conductor-free space boundary in terms of Tangential and Normal components
Spotters in "Environment and Health: Water" for CFM & MPH students
1. Sanitary well: Important points: Location: Not less than 15 m (50 feet) from likely sources of contamination & at a higher elevation. Not more than 100 m from houses Lining: Should be made up of bricks/ stones & cement up to a depth of at least 6 m (20 feet) and 60-90 cm (2-3 feet) above the ground Parapet wall: up to a height of 70-75 cm (28 inches) above the ground Platform: Extending at least 1m (3 feet) in all directions with a gentle slope towards the drain. Drain: pucca drain around the well to carry off spilled water to a public drain or soakage pit. Covering: Top closed by a cement cover. Hand pump: If possible it should be equipped with a hand pump in a Sanitary manner. 2. Slow sand filter: Important points: Space: Occupies a large area Rate of filtration: 2-3 m.g.a.d The effective size of sand: 0.2-0.3 mm Preliminary treatment: Plane sedimentation. Washing: By scraping the sand bed Operation: Less skilled Loss of head allowed: 4 feet (1.5 m) Removal
Introduction to coordinate system and vector conversion
Following videos may be referred for the introduction to coordinate system and vector conversion. Respective notes are attached below.
Spotters in "Environment and Health: Mosquito control Measures" for CFM & MPH students
The integrated approach of mosquito control: This is an approach that avoids the excessive use of any one method (e.g insecticides) but tries to combine one or more methods with a view to obtain maximum results with minimum inputs and also to prevent environmental pollution with toxic chemicals & development of insecticide resistance. The various methods of mosquito control are as follows: 1. Anti- Larval Measures: (a) Environmental Control: Important Points: Source reduction : Mainly the elimination of mosquito breeding places by minor engineering methods such as Filling- of cesspools & open ditches and arrangement for adequate collection, removal, and disposal of sewage & wastewater. Leveling & getting rid of water-holding containers such as discarded tins, empty pots, broken bottles, coconut shells, etc. Drainage of breeding places, and Water management (e.g intermittent irrigation) & removal of aquatic plants or destruction by herbicides. Rendering the water u
Spotters in "Family Planning: Intra-uterine Devices (IUD) Contraceptive Methods" for CFM & MPH students
First generation IUDs: Comprise the inert or non-medicated devices, usually made of polyethylene or other polymers. Appeared in different shapes and sizes. 1. Grafenberg rings: Important points: A flexible ring of silk Later versions were wrapped in silver wire Introduced by German gynecologist Ernst Grafenberg in 1929 Creates a hostile environment for sperm due to inflammatory response Obsolete 2. Ota ring: Important points: It is a variation of Grafenberg ring Developed by Japanese physician Tenrej Ota It contained a supportive structure in the center to lower the expulsion rate Obsolete 3. Birnberg’s bow: Important points: Figure of 8 shaped Made of polyethylene Obsolete 4. Lippes Loop: Important points: A double-S shaped device made of polyethylene Polyethylene is a non-toxic, non-tissue reactive & extremely durable Contains a small amount of barium sulfate to allow X-ray observation It has attached threads /tail (nylon) which project into vagina after insertion & ma
AI role on teaching/learning process in Universities
Artificial Intelligence (AI) has been transforming many industries, and education is no exception. With the advancements in AI technology, it has become a powerful tool for enhancing the teaching and learning process in universities. In this blog, we will discuss how AI is changing the way students learn and how it is helping educators to improve their teaching methods. 1. Personalized Learning One of the most significant benefits of AI in education is the ability to provide personalized learning experiences. AI algorithms can analyze student data, such as performance on exams, to identify strengths and weaknesses. This information can be used to create personalized learning plans for each student, making sure they receive the right content, at the right time, and in the right format. 2. Interactive Learning AI technology has made it possible to create interactive learning experiences that are engaging and entertaining. Virtual tutors, chatbots, and gamified learning apps are just a f
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